21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（完整）

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit51　　ErnestShackletonmademanygreatachievementsinhislifeasanexplorer.Thefollowingstor下面是小编为大家整理的21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（完整）,供大家参考。

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit51

　　Ernest Shackleton made many great achievements in his life as an explorer. The following story does not tell us, however, what he achieved but how he managed to rescue his men after his failure to reach his goal.

　　Perhaps being a hero does not necessarily lie in what you do but in how you do it.

　　Shipwrecked in Antarctica

　　When Ernest Shackleton packed for his trip to Antarctica in July 1914, he seemed ready for anything. Among the items he and his crew stowed in his ship were cans of meat, a bicycle and soccer balls. Shackleton hoped to become the first person to travel across the frozen continent at the bottom of the world.

　　But nothing could have prepared Shackleton or his crew for what did happen. Instead of crossing Antarctica, they made history in one of the most incredible survival stories ever.

　　Stuck in Miles of Ice

　　Shackleton was already famous when he prepared for the 1914 trip. In 1908 he had come within 100 miles of the South Pole but had turned back because of bad weather.

　　By 1914, he was eager for another adventure. Nearly 5,000 people volunteered to go with him. Shackleton chose a crew of 26 sailors and scientists, plus a photographer, Frank Hurley. On the way to Antarctica, he picked up at least 69 sled dogs to pull the explorers on the long trek across land.

　　Shackleton"s last stop before heading for Antarctica was a whaling station on South Georgia Island. Norwegian whalers told the crew that it was "a bad year for ice."

　　They were right. Upon entering the Weddell Sea, Shackleton was forced to zigzag through dangerous ice sheets, sometimes passing more than 400 icebergs a day! On January 18, 1915, the ice closed around the ship. It was stuck, as one sailor put it, "like an almond in the middle of a chocolate bar."

　　Although he was less than 100 miles from Antarctica, Shackleton soon realized he could not possibly cross the continent that winter. The crew would just have to wait.

　　Fighting Boredom and Cold

　　As the ship slowly drifted with the ice, the sailors played cards, listened to records and held singing contests. "This was before TV," says Armstrong. "People were used to entertaining themselves." On the snow outside, the men built fancy "doghouses" with porches and domes. Some even slept with the dogs for warmth.

　　Meanwhile Frank Hurley kept busy taking photos. Often braving the cold while others stayed indoors, "he would do anything to get his shot," says Armstrong.

　　The ship was locked in ice for 10 months. By October 1915, the ice was crushing its thick wooden walls. "It was a sickening sensation," Shackleton wrote in his diary. He ordered the crew to leave. They grabbed what they could, including 150 of Hurley"s precious photos.

　　A Heroic Rescue

　　The sailors struggled to reach land on three lifeboats they dragged across ice and rowed through frigid waters. They shivered in their thin coats, which often froze solid. At times they had to crawl through slush to avoid sinking. While killer whales swam around them, Shackleton and his men ate penguin and burned seal blubber for fuel. Sadly, when they ran out of food for the dogs, the crew had to shoot them.

　　Eventually, the crew landed on Elephant Island. But it was deserted. So Shackleton bravely set out again with five of his strongest men. They sailed and rowed 800 miles in a tiny boat, battling high waves, winds and severe thirst. Finally they landed at South Georgia Island, where they almost died climbing jagged peaks for three days before reaching the whaling station. "The thought of those fellows on Elephant Island kept us going," said Shackleton.

　　Four months after Shackleton sailed away, one of the men on Elephant Island spotted a ship offshore. When it came closer, the crew recognized Shackleton. They began to laugh and hug. They were rescued!

　　To the world"s amazement, all 28 members of the expedition arrived home safely. How? Armstrong and others say it is because Shackleton was a true hero. As the explorer said, "If you"re a leader, you"ve got to keep going."

　　(638 words)

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit52

　　shipwreck

　　vt. 使…遭受海难

　　item

　　n. one of a list of objects (清单上或一组事物中的)一项，一件

　　crew

　　n. 1. a group of people working together 一队工作人员

　　2. 全体船员(或机务人员)

　　stow

　　vt. pack or store away 堆垛;装载;装填

　　soccer

　　n. 英式足球

　　incredible

　　a. unbelievable or very hard to believe 难以置信的

　　survival

　　n. the act, state or fact of surviving 幸存

　　adventure

　　n. an unusual, exciting and possibly dangerous journey, experience, etc. 冒险活动(或经历等)

　　volunteer

　　n. sb. who does work, esp. socially useful work, for which they are not paid 志愿者

　　plus

　　prep.1. increased by 加，加上

　　2. in addition to 外加;另有

　　photographer

　　n. a person who takes photographs esp. as a professional or as an artist 摄影师

　　sled

　　n. 雪橇

　　explorer

　　n. sb. who travels for the purpose of discovery 探险者

　　trek

　　n. a long and hard journey 长途跋涉

　　head

　　vi. move or go toward 朝…行进

　　whale

　　vi. engage in the activity of hunting whales 捕鲸

　　Norwegian

　　挪威人

　　whaler

　　n. 捕鲸人

　　zigzag

　　vi. move forward by going at an angle first to the right and then to the left 曲折行进

　　iceberg

　　n. 冰山，浮在海洋上的巨大冰块

　　almond

　　n. 杏仁

　　bar

　　n. 条;块

　　boredom

　　n. the state of being bored 厌倦

　　drift

　　vi. be carried along or driven by wind, waves or currents 飘;飘流

　　entertain

　　vt. keep interested or amused 给…娱乐;使快乐

　　doghouse

　　n. 狗窝

　　* porch

　　n. 门廊

　　* dome

　　n. 圆屋顶;穹顶

　　meanwhile

　　ad. in the intervening period of time; at the same time 在间隔时间里;(与此)同时

　　brave

　　vt. face or risk facing (danger, pain, or trouble) without showing fear 勇敢地面对

　　indoors

　　ad. inside a building 在室内

　　shot

　　n. a photograph 照相，快照;拍摄

　　crush

　　vt. press so as to break or destroy 压碎，压坏

　　sickening

　　a. very unpleasant, disgusting 令人厌恶的

　　* sensation

　　n. a general feeling caused by a particular experience 感觉，知觉

　　grab

　　vt. take or pick up suddenly and roughly 抓取，攫取

　　precious

　　a. of great value or worth 贵重的;珍贵的`

　　heroic

　　a. brave and courageous 英雄的;英勇的

　　rescue

　　n. a successful attempt to save sb. or sth. from a difficult or dangerous situation 营救，救援

　　vt. save; set free 营救，救出

　　lifeboat

　　n. 救生艇

　　drag

　　vt. pull along with effort or difficulty (用力地或慢慢地)拖，拉

　　frigid

　　a. very cold, icy 寒冷的

　　shiver

　　v. shake slightly, esp. because of cold or fear 颤抖，哆嗦

　　crawl

　　vi. move slowly on hands and knees 爬，爬行

　　slush

　　n. partly melted snow 半融化的雪;雪泥

　　avoid

　　vt. keep away or to prevent from happening 避免;防尘

　　killer whale

　　n. 逆戟鲸

　　* penguin

　　n. 企鹅

　　seal

　　n. 海豹

　　blubber

　　n. 鲸脂，海兽脂

　　eventually

　　a. in the end; at last, finally 终于，最终

　　desert

　　vt. abandon, leave; go away from (a place) without intending ever to return 抛弃;遗弃;离弃(某地方)

　　deserted

　　a. with no one present; abandoned 无人的;被离弃的;被遗弃的

　　severe

　　a. serious; extreme 严重的;剧烈的

　　thirst

　　n. a feeling of needing to drink water 渴

　　jagged

　　a. having a rough and sharp edge 参差不齐的;嶙峋的

　　peak

　　n. the pointed top of a mountain 山峰

　　spot

　　vt. catch sight of; recognize; discover 看出;认出;发现

　　offshore

　　a. & ad. a small distance away from the coast (在)离岸一定距离的(地方)

　　* hug

　　vt. hold (sb.) tightly in the arms 拥抱

　　amazement

　　n. great surprise, astonishment 惊奇，惊诧

　　* expedition

　　n. a long journey for a certain purpose 远征

　　leader

　　n. a person who guides or directs a group, team, organization, etc. 领导者

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　be ready for

　　be prepared for (对…)有准备

　　at the bottom of

　　at the lowest part of 在…底部

　　prepare sb. for sth.

　　put sb. into a suitable state for a purpose, event, or experience 使…为…做好准备

　　instead of

　　in place of 代替…，而不是…

　　make history

　　do sth. important that will be recorded in history 彪炳史册

　　be eager for

　　showing a strong desire for (sth.) 急于(做某事)

　　on the way to

　　going towards 去…途中

　　pick up

　　come to have; gain, buy, learn, etc. 获得;得到;买到;学会

　　head for

　　move towards 朝…前进

　　be forced to

　　be made to (do sth.) 被迫(做)

　　less than

　　fewer than 少于

　　be used to

　　习惯于

　　at times

　　sometimes 有时

　　run out of

　　use up a sup* of 把…用完

　　have to

　　must 不得不

　　set out

　　begin a journey or course 出发;开始

　　to sb."s amazement

　　to sb"s surprise 让某人惊讶的是

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇扩展阅读

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展1）

——21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程60篇

21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程1

　　Have you ever paid tributes to your mother? Have you ever expressed your emotions on the theme of mothers? Here industrialist Ross Perot and Professor Michael DeBakey are eager to salute their own mothers.

　　Mothers

　　An old Jewish proverb says, "God could not be everywhere, and therefore he made mothers."

　　Ann Taylor expressed her emotions on the theme of mothers with the following:

　　Who ran to help me when I fell,

　　And would some pretty story tell,

　　Or kiss the place to make it well?

　　My mother.

　　On account of the many tributes paid to mothers from the time of Eve, one might think the subject exhausted. But not so. Here, Industrialist Ross Perot and Professor Michael E. DeBakey are ready, indeed eager, to salute their own cherished mothers.

　　My mother was an angel.

　　Our family lived six blocks from the railroad tracks. During the Depression, the freight trains were filled with hoboes wandering from town to town looking for work. Every day they would come by our house asking for food. My kind mother would always share our food with them.

　　These people were poor and desperate, but we had absolutely no fear of them. When they knocked and asked for food, there was no concern that they might break in and steal things.

　　One day, a hobo said, "Lady, don"t you have a lot of people stopping by here?"

　　My mother said, "Yes, we do."

　　"Do you know why?" he asked.

　　She replied, "Not really."

　　Then he took her out to the street and showed her a mark on our curb. He said, "Lady, this mark on your curb says that you will feed people. That"s why you get so many visitors."

　　After the man left, I turned to my mother and said, "Do you want me to wash that mark off the curb?"

　　She replied with words that I will remember for the rest of my life. "No, Son, leave it there. These are good people. They are just like us, but they"re down on their luck. We should help them."

　　Ross Perot

　　Industrialist

　　My mother"s birthday, Christmas, is symbolic of her human warmth, her giving nature, her noble character, and her high Christian values. She and my father instilled those values in all their children from the earliest age, and she lived to make life better not only for her family, but for everyone she knew, particularly those less fortunate than she.

　　I recall vividly one incident in my childhood that had a lasting impact on me. Every Sunday after dinner, my parents would pack food, clothing, and books in our car and would drive, with their children, to an orphanage just outside our hometown. One Sunday I saw my mother packing a favorite cap of mine, and I protested. She calmly explained that I had several other caps and could easily get new ones, whereas the orphan who would receive this cap had none at all. She assured me that I would derive a special feeling of happiness when I saw the smile on the boy"s face as he put the cap on his head. That lesson made a deep impression on me, and the truth of her words has certainly stood the test of time as other incidents in my life have validated her words. I consider the wonderful parents that God gave me my greatest blessing, for they both believed it was always more blessed to give than to receive.

　　Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.

　　Professor

　　(545 words)

21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程2

　　Jewish

　　a. of the Jews 犹太人的

　　proverb

　　n. 谚语，语言

　　emotion

　　n. strong feeling of any kind 激情;情感

　　theme

　　n. the main subject or idea of a talk, book, movie, etc. (谈话、书、电影等的)题目，主题

　　following

　　a. 下列的，下述的

　　account

　　n. 理由，根据;账目

　　* tribute

　　n. a gift, speech of praise, etc., given as an expression of gratitude toward another(表示敬意的)礼物;颂词，称赞

　　exhaust

　　vt. 1. use up 用尽，耗尽

　　2. talk about, write about or study a subject fully 详尽论述(某事物)

　　industrialist

　　n. a person engaged in the management of industry 工业家;实业家

　　eager

　　a. full of interest or desire; keen 热切的;渴望的;热心的

　　* salute

　　vt. honor or acknowledge with praise 颂扬

　　* cherish

　　vt. be fond of (sb./sth.); love 珍爱(某人/某事物);爱

　　railroad

　　n. (AmE) railway (美)铁路

　　freight

　　n. goods transported by ships, aeroplanes, or trains (水运、空运、陆运的)货物

　　hobo

　　n. (esp. AmE) an unemployed worker wandering from place to place (尤美)流动的失业工人;失业游民

　　wander

　　vi. move about without any special purpose or direction 游荡;闲逛;流浪

　　desperate

　　a. wild or dangerous because of despair (因绝望而)不顾一切的，拼命的

　　absolutely

　　ad. completely; beyond any doubt 完全地;绝对地

　　concern

　　n. worry; anxiety 担心;焦虑

　　* curb

　　n. (由路缘石砌成的`街道或人行道的)路缘

　　symbolic

　　a. 象征的，象征性的

　　warmth

　　n. the state or quality of being warm 热情;温暖

　　character

　　n. mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc., different from others (个人、集体、民族等特有的)品质，特性

　　Christian

　　a. 基督教的;基督教徒的

　　instill

　　vt. put (ideas, feelings, etc.) gradually but firmly into sb"s mind by a continuous effort 逐渐灌输

　　particularly

　　ad. especially 特别，尤其

　　fortunate

　　a. lucky 幸运的

　　recall

　　vt. remember; bring (sth.) back to mind 记得;回想起

　　vividly

　　ad. in a lively manner 清晰地;生动地

　　incident

　　n. event or happening, often of little importance 事情，发生的事;小事

　　childhood

　　n. the condition or time of being a child 童年;幼年时代

　　lasting

　　a. continuing for a long time 持久的

　　impact

　　n. strong effect or influence on sb./sth. 影响;作用

　　pack

　　vt. put (items) into a container 把东西装进(箱子、盒子等)

　　orphanage

　　n. a place or institution for the housing and care of orphans 孤儿院

　　hometown

　　n. the town where one was born and lived while they were young 故乡，家乡

　　favorite

　　a. best liked 最喜欢的

　　protest

　　v. express strong disagreement or disapproval about (sth) *;对…提出异议

　　calmly

　　ad. *静地;镇定地

　　whereas

　　conj.compared with the fact that; while 然而，但是;而

　　orphan

　　n. a child whose parents are dead 孤儿

　　assure

　　vt. promise or tell sth. to (sb.) confidently or firmly 向…保证

　　derive

　　vt. get or obtain 取得，得到

　　happiness

　　n. 愉快，快乐，高兴

　　impression

　　n. an effect produced (esp. on the mind or feelings) 印象

　　validate

　　vt. 1. make (sth.) logical or justifiable 证实;确证

　　2. make (sth.) legally effective 使(某事物)具有法律效力

　　blessing

　　n. God"s favour and protection (上帝的)赐福，保佑

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　on account of

　　because of 因为，由于

　　pay (a) tribute to sb./sth.

　　express one"s admiration or respect for sb./sth. 对(某事物)表示赞赏或敬意

　　look for

　　search for or try to find (sb./sth.) 寻找;寻求

　　come by

　　visit a person or place for a short time, often when one is going somewhere else; get, obtain 访问，看望;得到，获得

　　ask for

　　expect or demand (sth.) 要;要求

　　share with

　　have a share of (sth.) with another or others 与别人分享(某物)

　　break in

　　get into a building by using force, usu. in order to steal sth. 强行闯入屋内，破门而入

　　stop by

　　pay a short visit to a person or place, usu. when one in going somewhere else (顺便)过访

　　wash sth. off

　　remove sth. from the surface of a material, etc., by washing 把某物冲洗掉

　　be down on one"s luck

　　have bad luck, esp. in money * 不走运;穷困潦倒

　　at all

　　(used with negatives or questions) in any way or of any type [用于否定句或疑问句]丝毫，一点;根本

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展2）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit6内容60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit6内容1

　　One summer holiday, a teenager volunteered to work in a soup kitchen and got her first big lesson there. What was the lesson she drew from the experience? Let"s read the following story.

　　Becoming a Better Person

　　Laura Hennessey

　　In the summer of 1992 I got my first big lesson in community service. I can still remember how I felt the first day of my volunteer assignment. I thought I was one of the most selfless teenagers around, giving a whole month of my precious summer to work in a soup kitchen.

　　At 7 a.m. every morning, I would walk to the bus stop in my suburban neighborhood, board the 67A and settle in for the hour-long ride into, what seemed to be, another world. Goodbye air-conditioning, big grassy yards and pedigree dogs. Hello smelly soup kitchen, sweltering street corners and trash-filled alleyways. I felt like a saint.

　　Two experiences from that month in the soup kitchen still stand out in my mind. One day the kitchen got a huge cardboard box filled with unpeeled baby shrimp. Needless to say, I, with the help of other volunteers, spent the whole morning sorting through and peeling a million little shrimp for the gumbo. I couldn"t eat shrimp for years.

　　The second experience was far more influential than the shrimp incident, but it was also much more difficult. Part of our job at the soup kitchen was to come up with activities for the neighborhood kids. We would see the same kids almost every day, so we got to know them quite well. I became particularly fond of a young boy named Bruce.

　　One rainy day Bruce, who was normally very outgoing and laughed easily, sat motionless, all alone at a big table in the corner. We tried to get him to join in the fun with the other kids, but he refused to take part in the silly games. Eventually, I approached him and sat down to talk.

　　"Hi, Bruce. How are you?" No response. "What"s wrong, Bruce? Are you sad?"

　　"No."

　　"Are you angry at somebody?"

　　"No."

　　"OK, Bruce. Are you tired?"

　　"No."

　　"Are you sick?"

　　Once again Bruce replied, "No."

　　I was beginning to get a little frustrated and starting to realize that maybe Bruce just wanted to be left alone. But then, he finally filled me in. He said, in his meek voice, "I"m hungry; my mom forgot to feed me."

　　I smiled as my heart simultaneously broke. "Well then, Bruce. Let"s find you some food." Then, hand in hand, we went into the kitchen and found the only food that was around that time of day — a couple of doughnuts. Bruce eagerly ate the tasty sweets, and I felt like a hero.

　　When I got off the bus that day I hurried home to fill my mom in on my day. I relayed the story to her in a tone tinged with excitement. Then, slowly, I saw a look of concern and worry spread across my mother"s face. She then sat down with me and said, "Laura, that"s great that you were there for him today, but you have to realize that it is only one day. What"s going to happen tomorrow, or next week or a month from now, when you are no longer there? You really have very little control over this little boy"s diet, let alone his life."

　　Her words struck me hard, but in that instant I realized a great many things about what it means to "make a difference." For a brief moment I felt useless, and I wanted to give up my dreams of changing the world for the better. But that moment quickly passed when I realized that giving up my dreams would mean giving up a very important part of myself. Quitting was not an option.

　　It was then that I knew service was going to be a part of my life for the rest of my life. It"s not about becoming a saint or a hero. It is about becoming a better person.

　　(642 words)

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit6内容2

　　community

　　n. a group of people living together and/or united by common interests, background, nationality, etc. 社区

　　assignment

　　n. a piece of work given to a particular person or group (分派的)任务，工作

　　selfless

　　a. caring only for others and not for oneself 无私的;毫不利己的

　　teenager

　　n. a young person between 13 and 19 years old (指13岁19岁的)青少年

　　soup

　　n. 汤

　　kitchen

　　n. 厨房;灶间

　　suburban

　　a. of, for or in an outer area of a town or city 郊区的

　　soup kitchen

　　(救济贫民、灾民等的)施粥所，(免费或以极低价格供应汤和面的)施食处

　　* air-conditioning

　　n. the system that uses machines to control the temperature in a building, esp. to keep it cool and dry 空调系统

　　grassy

　　a. covered with growing grass 覆盖着(青)草的;长满草的

　　pedigree

　　a. (of an animal) of known descent, pure-bred, and of good stock (动物)纯种的，有系谱证明的

　　smelly

　　a. having a bad smell 有(强烈或难闻)气味的"

　　sweltering

　　a. unpleasantly hot 闷热的

　　trash

　　n. rubbish 垃圾，废物

　　activity

　　n. sth. done esp. for interest or pleasure (尤指娱乐或兴趣方面的)活动

　　alleyway

　　n. a narrow passage 小巷，胡同

　　saint

　　n. 圣人

　　cardboard

　　n. & a. 硬纸板(制的)

　　unpeeled

　　a. 未削皮(或剥壳)的

　　shrimp

　　n. 虾，小虾

　　needless

　　a. not needed; unnecessary 不需要的;不必要的

　　sort

　　vt. group; arrange; pick out 把…分类;整理;拣选

　　* peel

　　vt. remove the outer covering from 削去…的皮;剥去…的壳

　　gumbo

　　n. 秋葵汤(一种用秋葵英调浓的鸡汤、肉汤或海味汤)

　　influential

　　a. having great influence 有影响(力)的

　　fond

　　a. (of) having a great liking or loving for sb. or sth. 喜爱的

　　rainy

　　a. having a lot of rain 多雨的

　　normally

　　ad. usually; in the usual way 通常;正常地

　　outgoing

　　a. friendly; sociable 友好的;外向的;爽直的

　　motionless

　　a. without any movement 不动的，静止的

　　approach

　　v. come nearer (to) 靠近

　　response

　　n. (to) 1. a re* 回答

　　(to) 2. (an) action done in answer 反应

　　frustrate

　　vt. 1. cause (sb.) to feel annoyed or discouraged 使受挫折

　　2. prevent the plans or efforts of (sb. or sth.) from being achieved 挫败，阻碍

　　meek

　　a. quiet, gentle, and accepting others" actions and ideas without argument 温顺的，顺从的

　　simultaneously

　　ad. happening or being done at exactly the same time 同时发生地;同时完成地

　　doughnut

　　n. 油炸面圈饼

　　tasty

　　a. having a strong and very pleasant flavor 美味的

　　* relay

　　vt. pass (a message) from one person to another 传达，传递(信息)

　　tinge

　　vt. (with) (usu. pass.) give a slight degree of a quality to [常用被动态]使带有一点…性质

　　excitement

　　n. the state or quality of being excited 兴奋;激动

　　diet

　　n. 1. the sort of food and drink usually taken by a person or group 日常饮食

　　2. a limiting of what a person eats or drinks, for medical or personal reasons 特种饮食;规定饮食

　　instant

　　n. an extremely short moment of time 片刻，刹那

　　brief

　　a. 1. short in time 短暂的

　　2. containing few words 简短的

　　useless

　　a. not of any use 无用的

　　option

　　n. thing that is or may be chosen; choice 可供选择的事物;选择

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　settle in

　　get used to new surroundings; make oneself comfortable and prepare to stay somewhere for a period of time 适应新环境;安顿下来;舒舒服服地坐下

　　stand out

　　become very noticeable as a result of being different 清晰地显出

　　needless to say

　　of course 不用说，当然

　　come up with

　　think up (a plan, response, etc.); produce 想出(计划、答复等);提出

　　join in

　　become involved in (an activity with other people) 参加

　　take part in

　　have a share in (some activity) 参加

　　fill in

　　tell (sb.) about recent events 给…提供最新情况

　　hand in hand

　　手拉着手地;密切关联地

　　feel like

　　感觉好似

　　no longer

　　not any more 不再

　　let alone

　　更不用说

　　a great many

　　a very large number of 许许多多的

　　give up

　　stop doing or owning 放弃

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展3）

——21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程 (菁选2篇)

21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程1

　　Have you ever paid tributes to your mother? Have you ever expressed your emotions on the theme of mothers? Here industrialist Ross Perot and Professor Michael DeBakey are eager to salute their own mothers.

　　Mothers

　　An old Jewish proverb says, "God could not be everywhere, and therefore he made mothers."

　　Ann Taylor expressed her emotions on the theme of mothers with the following:

　　Who ran to help me when I fell,

　　And would some pretty story tell,

　　Or kiss the place to make it well?

　　My mother.

　　On account of the many tributes paid to mothers from the time of Eve, one might think the subject exhausted. But not so. Here, Industrialist Ross Perot and Professor Michael E. DeBakey are ready, indeed eager, to salute their own cherished mothers.

　　My mother was an angel.

　　Our family lived six blocks from the railroad tracks. During the Depression, the freight trains were filled with hoboes wandering from town to town looking for work. Every day they would come by our house asking for food. My kind mother would always share our food with them.

　　These people were poor and desperate, but we had absolutely no fear of them. When they knocked and asked for food, there was no concern that they might break in and steal things.

　　One day, a hobo said, "Lady, don"t you have a lot of people stopping by here?"

　　My mother said, "Yes, we do."

　　"Do you know why?" he asked.

　　She replied, "Not really."

　　Then he took her out to the street and showed her a mark on our curb. He said, "Lady, this mark on your curb says that you will feed people. That"s why you get so many visitors."

　　After the man left, I turned to my mother and said, "Do you want me to wash that mark off the curb?"

　　She replied with words that I will remember for the rest of my life. "No, Son, leave it there. These are good people. They are just like us, but they"re down on their luck. We should help them."

　　Ross Perot

　　Industrialist

　　My mother"s birthday, Christmas, is symbolic of her human warmth, her giving nature, her noble character, and her high Christian values. She and my father instilled those values in all their children from the earliest age, and she lived to make life better not only for her family, but for everyone she knew, particularly those less fortunate than she.

　　I recall vividly one incident in my childhood that had a lasting impact on me. Every Sunday after dinner, my parents would pack food, clothing, and books in our car and would drive, with their children, to an orphanage just outside our hometown. One Sunday I saw my mother packing a favorite cap of mine, and I protested. She calmly explained that I had several other caps and could easily get new ones, whereas the orphan who would receive this cap had none at all. She assured me that I would derive a special feeling of happiness when I saw the smile on the boy"s face as he put the cap on his head. That lesson made a deep impression on me, and the truth of her words has certainly stood the test of time as other incidents in my life have validated her words. I consider the wonderful parents that God gave me my greatest blessing, for they both believed it was always more blessed to give than to receive.

　　Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.

　　Professor

　　(545 words)

21世纪大学英语Unit3读写教程2

　　Jewish

　　a. of the Jews 犹太人的

　　proverb

　　n. 谚语，语言

　　emotion

　　n. strong feeling of any kind 激情;情感

　　theme

　　n. the main subject or idea of a talk, book, movie, etc. (谈话、书、电影等的)题目，主题

　　following

　　a. 下列的，下述的

　　account

　　n. 理由，根据;账目

　　* tribute

　　n. a gift, speech of praise, etc., given as an expression of gratitude toward another(表示敬意的)礼物;颂词，称赞

　　exhaust

　　vt. 1. use up 用尽，耗尽

　　2. talk about, write about or study a subject fully 详尽论述(某事物)

　　industrialist

　　n. a person engaged in the management of industry 工业家;实业家

　　eager

　　a. full of interest or desire; keen 热切的;渴望的;热心的

　　* salute

　　vt. honor or acknowledge with praise 颂扬

　　* cherish

　　vt. be fond of (sb./sth.); love 珍爱(某人/某事物);爱

　　railroad

　　n. (AmE) railway (美)铁路

　　freight

　　n. goods transported by ships, aeroplanes, or trains (水运、空运、陆运的)货物

　　hobo

　　n. (esp. AmE) an unemployed worker wandering from place to place (尤美)流动的失业工人;失业游民

　　wander

　　vi. move about without any special purpose or direction 游荡;闲逛;流浪

　　desperate

　　a. wild or dangerous because of despair (因绝望而)不顾一切的，拼命的

　　absolutely

　　ad. completely; beyond any doubt 完全地;绝对地

　　concern

　　n. worry; anxiety 担心;焦虑

　　* curb

　　n. (由路缘石砌成的`街道或人行道的)路缘

　　symbolic

　　a. 象征的，象征性的

　　warmth

　　n. the state or quality of being warm 热情;温暖

　　character

　　n. mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc., different from others (个人、集体、民族等特有的)品质，特性

　　Christian

　　a. 基督教的;基督教徒的

　　instill

　　vt. put (ideas, feelings, etc.) gradually but firmly into sb"s mind by a continuous effort 逐渐灌输

　　particularly

　　ad. especially 特别，尤其

　　fortunate

　　a. lucky 幸运的

　　recall

　　vt. remember; bring (sth.) back to mind 记得;回想起

　　vividly

　　ad. in a lively manner 清晰地;生动地

　　incident

　　n. event or happening, often of little importance 事情，发生的事;小事

　　childhood

　　n. the condition or time of being a child 童年;幼年时代

　　lasting

　　a. continuing for a long time 持久的

　　impact

　　n. strong effect or influence on sb./sth. 影响;作用

　　pack

　　vt. put (items) into a container 把东西装进(箱子、盒子等)

　　orphanage

　　n. a place or institution for the housing and care of orphans 孤儿院

　　hometown

　　n. the town where one was born and lived while they were young 故乡，家乡

　　favorite

　　a. best liked 最喜欢的

　　protest

　　v. express strong disagreement or disapproval about (sth) *;对…提出异议

　　calmly

　　ad. *静地;镇定地

　　whereas

　　conj.compared with the fact that; while 然而，但是;而

　　orphan

　　n. a child whose parents are dead 孤儿

　　assure

　　vt. promise or tell sth. to (sb.) confidently or firmly 向…保证

　　derive

　　vt. get or obtain 取得，得到

　　happiness

　　n. 愉快，快乐，高兴

　　impression

　　n. an effect produced (esp. on the mind or feelings) 印象

　　validate

　　vt. 1. make (sth.) logical or justifiable 证实;确证

　　2. make (sth.) legally effective 使(某事物)具有法律效力

　　blessing

　　n. God"s favour and protection (上帝的)赐福，保佑

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　on account of

　　because of 因为，由于

　　pay (a) tribute to sb./sth.

　　express one"s admiration or respect for sb./sth. 对(某事物)表示赞赏或敬意

　　look for

　　search for or try to find (sb./sth.) 寻找;寻求

　　come by

　　visit a person or place for a short time, often when one is going somewhere else; get, obtain 访问，看望;得到，获得

　　ask for

　　expect or demand (sth.) 要;要求

　　share with

　　have a share of (sth.) with another or others 与别人分享(某物)

　　break in

　　get into a building by using force, usu. in order to steal sth. 强行闯入屋内，破门而入

　　stop by

　　pay a short visit to a person or place, usu. when one in going somewhere else (顺便)过访

　　wash sth. off

　　remove sth. from the surface of a material, etc., by washing 把某物冲洗掉

　　be down on one"s luck

　　have bad luck, esp. in money * 不走运;穷困潦倒

　　at all

　　(used with negatives or questions) in any way or of any type [用于否定句或疑问句]丝毫，一点;根本

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展4）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit4课文简介60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit4课文简介1

　　Isaac Bashevis Singer

　　She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly and weak. All the old women in our street had bent backs and leaned on sticks when they walked. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears. Mother would count out to her a bundle of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would then lift the bundle, put it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home.

　　She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwoman. Yet she charged no more than the others. She was a real find. Mother always had her money ready, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time.

　　Laundering was not easy in those days. The old woman had no running water where she lived but had to bring in the water from a pump. And the drying! It could not be done outside because thieves would steal the laundry. So it had to be carried up to the attic and hung on clotheslines. Only God knows what the old woman had to endure each time she did a wash!

　　She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the penniless and aged. But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many members of the labor force have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so she bore her burden.

　　The woman had a son who was rich. He was ashamed of his mother, and never came to see her. Nor did he ever give her money. The old woman told this without bitterness. When the son got married, the wedding took place in a church. The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding, but she went to the church anyway and waited at the steps to see her son lead the bride to the altar.

　　One day the washwoman, now nearly eighty years old, came to our house. A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some bread. The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her fingernails were strangely white. These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as one"s strength permits but beyond the limits of one"s power. It was sad to watch the old woman stagger out with the big bundle and disappear.

　　Usually the woman brought back the wash after two or, at the most, three weeks. But three weeks passed, then four and five, and nothing was heard of the old woman.

　　For us the washwoman"s absence was a catastrophe. We needed the laundry. We did not even know the woman"s address. It seemed certain that she had collapsed, died. Mother declared she had had a premonition that we would never see our things again. We mourned, both for the laundry and for the old woman who had grown close to us through the years she had served us so faithfully.

　　More than two months passed. One evening, while Mother was sitting near the lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a huge bundle, entered. Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet. Mother uttered a half-choked cry, as though a corpse had entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bundle. She was even thinner now, more bent. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.

　　After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill, very ill. In fact, she had been so sick that someone had called a doctor, and the doctor had sent for a priest. Someone had informed the son, and he had contributed money for a coffin. But God had not yet wanted to take this poor soul to Himself. She began to feel better, she became well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she resumed her washing. Not just ours, but the wash of several other families too.

　　"I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash," the old woman explained. "The wash would not let me die."

　　"With the help of God you will live to be a hundred and twenty," said my mother.

　　"God forbid! What good would such a long life be? The work becomes harder and harder ... my strength is leaving me ... I do not want to be a burden on any one!" The old woman muttered, crossed herself, and raised her eyes toward heaven. After getting paid, she left, promising to return in a few weeks for a new load of wash.

　　But she never came back. The wash she had returned was her last effort on this earth. She had been driven by a strong will to return the property to its owners, to fulfill the task she had undertaken.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit4课文简介2

　　washwoman

　　n. 洗衣妇

　　wrinkled

　　a. having or showing small folds or lines in the skin 有皱纹的

　　*wrinkle

　　vi. (esp. of the skin) form into lines, folds, etc. 起皱纹

　　n. 皱纹

　　Jewish

　　a. of the Jews 犹太人的

　　sickly

　　a. often ill 常病的

　　possess

　　vt. own, have 拥有，具有

　　generation

　　n. a single stage or step in family descent 代，一代

　　for(e)bear

　　n. [常用复数] 祖先

　　bundle

　　n. (of) a number of articles tied, fastened or held together, usu. across the middle 捆，束，包

　　laundry

　　n. 1. clothes, sheets, etc., that need to be washed or have just been washed 付洗衣物;已洗好的衣物

　　2. a place or business where clothes, etc., are washed and ironed 洗衣房，洗衣店

　　accumulate

　　vi. gradually increase in numbers or amount until there is a large quantity in one place 积累，积聚

　　launder

　　vi. wash and iron clothes, sheets, etc. 洗熨衣物

　　pump

　　n. 泵，抽(水)机

　　attic

　　n. 阁楼;顶楼

　　clothesline

　　n. 晾衣绳

　　endure

　　vt. suffer, undergo (pain, hardship, etc.) 忍受(痛苦、困难等)，耐住

　　penniless

　　a. 身无分文的"

　　*bless

　　vt. (with) 使具有，使有权得到

　　bear(bore, borne)

　　vt. take (responsibility, etc.) on oneself 承担(责任等)

　　wedding

　　n. a marriage ceremony, esp. with a party or meal after a church service 婚礼

　　bride

　　n. 新娘

　　altar

　　n. (教堂内的)圣坛，祭坛

　　kitchen

　　n. 厨房，灶间

　　teapot

　　n. 茶壶

　　fingernail

　　n. 指甲

　　stubbornness

　　n. 倔强;顽强

　　*stubborn

　　a. 1. 顽固的, 倔强的

　　2. 顽强的, 坚持的

　　*stagger

　　vi. have trouble standing or walking; move unsteadily on one"s feet 摇晃着移动; 蹒跚

　　n. 摇晃不稳的动作; 蹒跚

　　*catastrophe

　　n. a terrible event that causes great suffering, misfortune, or ruin 灾难，灾祸，大祸

　　collapse

　　vi. (健康等)垮掉;倒坍

　　premonition

　　n. 预感

　　*mourn

　　vi. (for, over) feel and/or show grief, esp. for the death of someone; be sorrowful(尤指对某人的亡故)感到悲痛;哀悼

　　faithfully

　　ad. 1. with faith 忠实地

　　2. exactly 如实地;确切地

　　faithful

　　a. 1. loyal and true (to sb., to a cause, etc.) 忠实的，忠诚的

　　2. true to the facts or to an original 如实的

　　puff

　　n. a sudden short rush of air, smoke, etc.(空气、烟雾等的)一阵，一股

　　totter

　　vi. walk with weak unsteady steps 蹒跚，踉跄

　　*linen

　　a. 亚麻(布)的

　　n. 亚麻布(或线);亚麻织品(床单、被单、桌布等)

　　utter

　　vt. make (a sound); say 发出(声音);说，讲

　　half-choked

　　a. 半哽住的

　　*corpse

　　n. 死尸，尸体

　　unload

　　vt. 1. have (a load) removed 卸(货)

　　2. remove a load from (sth.) 从 … 卸下货物

　　vi. 卸货

　　mumble

　　v. speak (words) unclearly 含糊地说(话)，咕哝

　　sunken

　　a. 下陷的;凹陷的

　　recover

　　vi. (from) return to the usual state of health, strength, ability, etc. 痊愈，复原;恢复

　　somewhat

　　ad. by some degree or amount; a little 稍微，有点

　　priest

　　n. 牧师，神父

　　inform

　　vt. (of, about) tell, give information to 告诉，通知

　　contribute

　　vt. join with others in giving (money, help, etc.) 捐(款)，贡献，提供(帮助)

　　coffin

　　n. 棺材

　　resume

　　vt. begin (sth. or doing sth.) again after a pause (中断后)重新开始，继续

　　*mutter

　　vt. 轻声含糊地说

　　load

　　n. 一包(洗的衣物);负荷，负载

　　vt. 装(货或人);把货物(或人)装上(车、船、飞机等)

　　property

　　n. 财产;所有物

　　fulfil,-fill

　　vt. do or perform (a duty, task, etc.) 履行，完成

　　*undertake(undertook，undertaken)

　　vt. accept responsibility for (a piece of work) and start to do it 承担

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　lean on

　　rest in a sloping position on for support 靠在 …上，倚在 …上

　　count out

　　count one by one 逐一数出

　　be blessed with

　　be fortunate in having 有幸得到，具有

　　take place

　　举行，进行;发生，产生

　　a (good /great) deal of

　　quite a lot of 大量

　　speak of

　　suggest the idea of; show clearly that sth. happened or that it exists 显示;表明

　　at (the) most

　　not more than (the stated amount) 至多

　　hear of

　　receive news about (sb. or sth.) 获知…的消息，听到…的消息

　　stand /be on one"s feet

　　站起;(病后)恢复健康

　　with the help of

　　在 … 的帮助下

　　God forbid!

　　May it not happen! 上天不容!

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展5）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课文Unwritten Rules60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课文Unwritten Rules1

　　First Listening

　　1. As you listen to the tape the first time, mark each word or phrase J or T, to indicate whether Jill (the woman) or Tim (the man) says them. (Some words might be spoken by both people!)

　　animal anywhere asleep car cold decent ignore law light no one police safety sleepy social contract who knows

　　Then briefly summarize each person"s attitude toward the social contract.

　　Second Listening

　　2. Whose point of view is closer to your own? Are there situations when it"s okay to break the rules? Are there rules it"s never okay to break, even when you"re alone?

21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课文Unwritten Rules2

　　Bob Greene

　　The restaurant was almost full. A steady hum of conversation hung over the room; people spoke with each other and worked on their meals.

　　Suddenly, from a table near the center of the room, came a screaming voice: "Damn it, Sylvia...."

　　The man was shouting at the top of his voice. His face was red, and he yelled at the woman sitting opposite him for about fifteen seconds. In the crowded restaurant, it seemed like an hour. All other conversations in the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man. He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear.

　　It was startling precisely because it almost never happens; there are no laws against such explosions, and with the pressures of our modern world you would almost expect to run into such things on a regular basis. But you don"t; as a matter of fact, when I thought it over I realized that it was the first time in my life I had witnessed such a demonstration. During all the meals I"ve had in restaurants, I had never seen a person start screaming at the top of his lungs.

　　When you"re eating among other people, you don"t raise your voice; it"s just one example of the unwritten rules we live by. When you consider it, you recognize that those rules probably govern our lives on a more absolute basis than the ones you could find if you looked in the law books. The customs that govern us are what make a civilization. There would be chaos without them, and yet it"s not at all clear why — even in our disintegrating society — we obey them.

　　How many times have you stopped at a red light late at night? You can see in all directions; there"s no one else around — no headlights, no police cruiser idling behind you. You"re tired and in a hurry. But you wait for the light to change. Is it for safety"s sake? No; you can see that there would be no accident if you drove on. Is it to avoid getting arrested? No; you are alone; there"s no one to catch you. Still, you sit and wait.

　　At major athletic events, it is not uncommon to find 90,000 or 100,000 people sitting in the stands. On the playing field are two dozen athletes —maybe fewer. There aren"t enough security guards on hand to keep all the spectators from getting out of their seats and walking onto the field. But it never happens. Regardless of the emotion of the contest, the spectators stay in their places, and the athletes are safe in their part of the arena. The invisible barrier always holds.

　　In restaurants and coffee shops, people pay their bills. It"s a simple enough concept. Yet it would be remarkably easy to wander away from a meal without paying at the end. Especially in these difficult economic times, wouldn"t you expect this to become a common form of cheating? Why doesn"t it happen more often? It"s just another unwritten rule of human conduct that people automatically make good on their debts. They would no sooner walk out on a bill than start screaming.

　　I know a man who, when he parks his car at a parking meter, always puts change in the meter even if there"s time left on it. He regards it as the right thing to do. He says he isn"t doing it just to extend the time remaining—even if there"s sufficient time on the meter to cover whatever task he has to perform at the location, he pays his own way. He believes that you"re supposed to purchase your own time; the fellow before you purchased only his.

　　There are so many rules like these—rules that we all obey—that we think about them only when that rare person violates them. In the restaurant, after the man had yelled "Damn it, Sylvia" there was a tentative atmosphere among the other diners for half an hour after it happened. They weren"t sure what disturbed them about what they had witnessed; they knew, though, that it had violated something very basic about the way we"re supposed to behave. And it bothered them—which in itself is a hopeful sign that, more often than not, all is well.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课文Unwritten Rules3

　　hum

　　n. a low steady continuous sound 连续低沉的声音

　　screaming

　　a. 尖声的，发出尖叫声的

　　scream

　　v. say (sth.) loudly and usually on a high note, esp. because of anger, fear, pain, etc. (因恐惧、痛苦等而)尖声喊叫，惊呼

　　*

　　v. 1. declare to be very wrong or bad 指责，贬斥

　　2. (esp. of God) send (sb.) to punishment without end after death (尤指上帝)罚(某人)入地狱受罪

　　3. curse at 诅咒;咒骂

　　int. 该死，他妈的，讨厌(表示愤怒、厌烦、轻蔑、失望等)

　　yell

　　vi. (at) speak or say sth. in a very loud voice 叫喊，叫嚷

　　precisely

　　ad. 1. exactly; just 恰好;正好

　　2. in an exact manner; carefully 精确地;细致地

　　precision

　　n. exactness 精确，准确

　　a. made or done with exactness 精密的，确切的

　　explosion

　　n. 1. a sudden bursting out of strong emotion (感情等的)爆发，迸发

　　2. (a loud noise caused by) a sudden, violent burst of energy 爆炸(声)，炸裂(声)

　　3. a large and rapid increase 大规模的扩大;激增

　　explode

　　vi. 1. blow up or burst 爆炸;爆破

　　2. (in, with) show sudden violent emotion 爆发，迸发

　　vt. 1. cause (a bomb, etc.) to blow up or burst 使爆炸;使突发

　　2. (often pass.) destroy (a belief) [常被动] 破除，戳穿

　　explosive

　　a. that can explode 会爆炸的

　　basis

　　n. 基础;根据;基本原则，准则

　　basically

　　ad. with regard to what is most important and basic; in reality 基本上;实际上;主要地

　　witness

　　vt. see (sth.) happen 目击

　　n. a person who sees an event take place and is therefore able to describe it to others 目击者，见证人

　　demonstration

　　n. 1. the expression of a feeling (情绪的)显示，表露

　　2. a public show of strong feeling or opinion, often with marching, big signs **

　　absolute

　　a. 1. not depending on or measured by comparison with other things 绝对的

　　2. complete: total 完全的;十足的

　　3. certain; definite; leaving no doubt 确实的;不容置疑的

　　custom

　　n. 1. (an) established socially accepted practice 习俗，风俗

　　2. the habitual practice of a person (个人)习惯

　　customary

　　a. established by custom; usual or habitual 习俗的;习惯的

　　*disintegrate

　　v. 1. fall apart 瓦解;解体

　　2. (cause to) break into small parts or pieces (使)碎裂;(使)粉碎

　　headlight

　　n. 车前灯

　　cruiser

　　n. (AmE) a police car (美)警察巡逻车

　　sake

　　n. 目的;理由;缘故;利益

　　arrest

　　vt. take and keep (sb.) prisoner with the authority of the law 依法逮捕，拘捕

　　athletic

　　a. of or concerning athletes or athletics 运动员的;运动的

　　security

　　n. safety; sth. that provides or assures safety 安全;保卫措施，安全措施

　　*spectator

　　n. a person who is watching an event or game (比赛等的.)观看者，观众

　　emotion

　　n. 1. any of the strong feelings of the human spirit 情感;激情;感情

　　2. strength of feelings; excited state of the feelings 激动

　　contest

　　n. an event in which people compete against each other; a competition 竞赛;比赛

　　arena

　　n. a level area for sports, public entertainment, etc. (供竞技、表演等用的)场地

　　remarkably

　　ad. unusually; noticeably 非凡地，异常地;值得注意地，引人注目地

　　parking meter

　　a device next to a parking space into which one has to put money for parking for a certain time 汽车停放计时器，汽车停放收费计

　　extend

　　vt. make (sth.) longer or larger 使延长，使延期;扩展，扩大

　　extension

　　n. 1. the act of extending or being extended 延伸;扩展

　　2. a part which is added to make sth. longer, wider, or larger 增加的部分

　　location

　　n. a place or position 地点;位置

　　*violate

　　vt. break or be contrary to (a rule, principle, treaty, etc.) 违反，违背;违犯

　　*tentative

　　a. 犹豫的，迟疑不决的

　　diner

　　n. a person eating dinner 就餐者

　　behave

　　v. 1. act; bear oneself 行为;举止

　　2. (of things) act in a particular way (事物)作出反应;起作用

　　3. (of machines, etc.) work or function (机器等)运转

　　hopeful

　　a. 1. (of things) causing hope; likely to be favourable or successful; promising (事物)有希望的，给人希望的;有前途的

　　2. having hope 抱有希望的;充满希望的

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　hang over

　　remain, esp. as sth. unpleasant or threatening 笼罩;威胁

　　* it

　　(俚)该死

　　raise/lower one"s voice

　　speak more loudly/quietly 提高/压低嗓门

　　at the top of one"s voice/lungs

　　as loudly as possible 用尽量大的声音，放声(大叫)

　　on a regular /absolute basis

　　regularly /absolutely 定期地;绝对地

　　on a... basis

　　in a...way …地;在…基础上

　　as a matter of fact

　　actually, in fact 实际上

　　live by

　　live according to (sth. such as a principle) 遵循(…的原则)

　　for sth."s / sb."s sake / for the sake of sth. / sb.

　　for the purpose of sth. / for the benefit of sb. 为了，为了…的利益

　　on hand

　　available; present (not absent) 现有，在手头;在场

　　make good (on one"s debt[s])

　　pay what one owes 偿付，支付(债务)

　　no sooner... than

　　1. 同…一样不

　　2. 一…就…

　　walk out on sth. / sb.

　　1. stop doing sth. one has agreed to do or that one is responsible for 不管，不顾;不履行;不支付

　　2. leave suddenly, esp. in a time of trouble; desert 抛弃，离开

　　in itself

　　considering only the thing specified; in its true nature 本身;实质上

　　more often than not

　　quite frequently 往往，多半

　　all is well

　　the situation is very satisfactory 一切顺利

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展6）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课文Foreword60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课文Foreword1

　　Bill Gates

　　The past twenty years have been an incredible adventure for me. It started on a day when, as a college sophomore, l stood in Harvard Square with my friend Paul Allen and pored over the description of a kit com*r in Popular Electronics magazine. As we read excitedly about the first truly personal com*r, Paul and I didn"t know exactly how it would be used, but we were sure it would change us and the world of computing. We were right. The personal com*r revolution happened and it has affected millions of lives. It has led us to places we had barely imagined.

　　We are all beginning another great journey. We aren"t sure where this one will lead us either, but again I am certain this revolution will touch even more lives and take us all farther. The major changes coming will be in the way people communicate with each other. The benefits and problems arising from this upcoming communications revolution will be much greater than those brought about by the PC revolution.

　　There is never a reliable map for unexplored territory, but we can learn important lessons from the creation and evolution of the $120-billion personal-com*r industry. The PC — its evolving hardware, business applications, on-line systems. Internet connections, electronic mail, multimedia titles, authoring tools, and games — is the foundation for the next revolution.

　　During the PC industry"s infancy, the mass media paid little attention to what was going on in the brand-new business. Those of us who were attracted by com*rs and the possibilities they promised were unnoticed outside our own circles.

　　But this next journey, to the so-called information highway, is the topic of endless newspaper and magazine articles, television and radio broadcasts, conferences, and widespread speculation. There has been an unbelievable amount of interest in this subject during the last few years, both inside and outside the com*r industry. The interest is not confined only to developed countries, and it goes well beyond the large numbers of personal-com*r users.

　　Thousands of informed and uninformed people are now speculating publicly about the information highway. The amount of misunderstanding about the technology and its possible dangers surprises me. Some people think the highway is sim* today"s Internet or the delivery of 500 simultaneous channels of television. Others hope or fear it will create com*rs as smart as human beings. Those developments will come, but they are not the highway.

　　The revolution in communications is just beginning. It will take place over several decades, and will be driven by new "applications" — new tools, often meeting currently unforeseen needs. During the next few years, major decisions will have to be made. It is crucial that a broad set of people — not just technologists or those who happen to be in the com*r industry — participate in the debate about how this technology should be shaped. If that can be done, the highway will serve the purposes users want. Then it will gain broad acceptance and become a reality.

　　I"m writing this book The Road Ahead as part of my contribution to the debate and, although it"s a tall order, I hope it can serve as a travel guide for the forthcoming journey. I do this with some misgivings. We"ve all smiled at predictions from the past that look silly today. History is full of now ironic examples — the Oxford professor who in 1878 dismissed the electric light as a gimmick; the commissioner of U.S. patents who in 1899 asked that his office be abolished because "everything that can be invented has been invented." This is meant to be a serious book, although ten years from now it may not appear that way. What I"ve said that turned out to be right will be considered obvious and what was wrong will be humorous.

　　Anyone expecting an autobiography or a treatise on what it"s like to have been as lucky as I have been will be disappointed. Perhaps when I"ve retired I will get around to writing that book. This book looks primarily to the future.

　　Anyone hoping for a technological treatise will be disappointed, too. Everyone will be touched by the information highway, and everyone ought to be able to understand its implications. That"s why my goal from the very beginning was to write a book that as many people as possible could understand.

　　The process of thinking about and writing the present book took longer than I expected. Indeed, estimating the time it would take proved to be as difficult as projecting the development schedule of a major software project. The only part that was easy was the cover photo which we finished well ahead of schedule. I enjoy writing speeches and had thought writing a book would be like writing them. I imagined writing a chapter would be the equivalent of writing a speech. The error in my thinking was similar to the one software developers often run into — a program ten times as long is about one hundred times more complicated to write. I should have known better.

　　And here it is. I hope it stimulates understanding, debate, and creative ideas about how we can take advantage of all that"s sure to be happening in the decade ahead.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课文Foreword2

　　foreword

　　n. a short introduction at the beginning of a book 序言，前言

　　incredible

　　a. unbelievable; extraordinary 难以置信的;了不起的

　　sophomore

　　n. a student in the second year of college or high school(中学、大学)二年级学生

　　pore

　　vi. (over) study with close attention 专心阅读;钻研

　　description

　　n. saying in words what sb. or sth. is like 描写，描述

　　kit

　　n. a set of all the parts needed to assemble sth. 配套元件

　　*com*

　　v. calculate ( a result, answer, sum, etc.) esp. with a com*r(尤指用计算机)计算

　　barely

　　ad. only just; hardly 仅仅;几乎不

　　upcoming

　　a. about to happen 即将来临的

　　PC (abbr.)

　　personal com*r 个人计算机

　　reliable

　　a. that can be relied on; dependable 可靠的; 确实的

　　territory

　　n. (an area of) land, esp. ruled by one government 领土

　　*creation

　　n. the act or process of creating sth. 创造; 创作

　　evolution

　　n. 1. the gradual change and development 演变，发展

　　2. (the theory of) the development of the various types of plants, animals, etc., from earlier and simpler forms 进化(论)

　　evolve

　　vt. 演化，发展，逐步形成;进化

　　application

　　n. 1. (an instance of) putting to practical use 应用，运用

　　2. a com*r software program 应用软件程序

　　on-line

　　a. 联机的，联线的

　　Internet

　　n. 因特网，国际互联网

　　connection

　　n. 连接，连结;联系，关系

　　electronic

　　a. 电子的

　　multimedia

　　n.& a. 多媒体(的)

　　title

　　n. (多媒体)题标;标题;题目

　　author

　　vt. 写作;创造

　　n. 作者

　　foundation

　　n. 基础

　　infancy

　　n. 婴儿期;幼儿期;初期

　　attract

　　vt. cause to like, admire, notice, or turn towards; arouse (interest, etc.); prompt 引起…的注意(或兴趣等)，吸引;引起(兴趣等);激起

　　possibility

　　n. 1. (often pi.) power of developing, growing, or being used or useful in the future [常用复数] 发展前途，潜在价值

　　2. the state of being possible; likelihood 可能;可能性

　　so-called

　　a. called or named thus but perhaps wrongly or doubtfully 所谓的，号称的

　　endless

　　a. without end, or seeming to be without end(似乎)无穷尽的;没完没了的

　　conference

　　n. a meeting for discussion 会议，讨论会

　　confine

　　vt. (to) restrict or keep within certain limits 限制，使局限

　　speculate

　　vi. 猜测;投机

　　amount

　　n. 量，数量;总数，总额

　　misunderstanding

　　n. 误解，曲解

　　misunderstand

　　v. 误解，误会

　　delivery

　　n. 传送;投递;运载

　　*simultaneous

　　a. happening or being done at the same time 同时发生的，同时进行的

　　channel

　　n. 频道;水道;海峡

　　create

　　vt. cause (sth. new) to exist; produce (sth. new) 创造;创作

　　unforeseen

　　a. not known in advance; unexpected 未预见到的;意料之外的

　　crucial

　　a. (to, for) of deciding importance 决定性的;至关重要的

　　technologist

　　n. an expert in technology 技术专家

　　contribution

　　n. 捐款;捐献;贡献

　　debate

　　n. a formal argument or discussion(就…)进行辩论

　　v. have a debate about; take part in a debate 辩论;讨论

　　purpose

　　n. that which one means to do, get, be, etc.; intention 目的;意图

　　acceptance

　　n. 接受

　　*forthcoming

　　a. happening or appearing in the near future 即将到来的，即将出现的

　　misgiving

　　n. [复数] 疑虑，担忧

　　prediction

　　n. sth. that is said or described in advance 预言

　　gimmick

　　n. (骗人的)玩意儿

　　*commissioner

　　n. (*厅、局、处等部门的)长官;委员;专员

　　*patent

　　n. 专利;专利权

　　*abolish

　　vt. put an end to, do away with 取消，废除

　　humorous

　　a. funny and amusing; having or showing a sense of humour 幽默的;滑稽的`;富有幽默感的

　　autobiography

　　n. a book written by oneself about one"s own life 自传

　　treatise

　　n. 专著;(专题)论文

　　retire

　　vi. stop working at one"s job, profession, etc., usu. because of age 退休，退职

　　primarily

　　ad. mainly; chiefly 主要地;首要地

　　technological

　　a. of or related to technology 技术的;工艺(学)的

　　implication

　　n. 含意，暗示

　　process

　　n. 过程;进程

　　estimate

　　vt. 估计，估量

　　n. 估计

　　project

　　vt. make plans for 设计，规划

　　n. 规划，计划;(工程)项目

　　chapter

　　n. (书的)章，回

　　equivalent

　　n. sth. that is equal in meaning, amount, value 相等物;等值物;等量物

　　a. 相等的;等值的;等量的

　　complicated

　　a. very difficult to understand 复杂的;难解的;难懂的

　　stimulate

　　vt. excite (the body or mind), encourage 刺激;激发;促使

　　advantage

　　n. 有利条件，优势;好处;利益

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　communicate with

　　share or exchange opinions, news, information, etc. with 与…交流

　　arise from

　　result from 由 … 产生，由 … 引起

　　bring about

　　cause to happen 带来，造成

　　go on

　　take place or happen 发生

　　go beyond

　　exceed 超过;越过

　　tall order

　　a task difficult to perform 难以完成的任务，过高要求

　　get around to /get round to

　　find time for (sth. or doing sth.) 抽出时间去做

　　look to

　　give one"s attention to 展望

　　ahead of schedule

　　before the planned or expected time 提前

　　run into

　　1. meet (difficulties, etc.) 遭遇(困难等)

　　2. meet by chance 偶然碰见，撞见

　　take advantage of

　　make use of 利用

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展7）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解1

　　1. Before you listen to the passage, quickly note down your responses to the questions below. Don"t think too much before you respond — your first ideas are the best ones.

　　A) On a scale of one to ten, where ten is the most nervous you"ve ever felt in your life, how nervous do you feel right now?

　　B) On a scale of one to ten, where ten is the most exhausted you"ve ever felt in your life, how tired do you feel right now?

　　C) What are the three biggest problems that are worrying you today? Write down one-word "titles" for each of these three problems.

　　Now listen to the passage, and go on to the next questions afterwards.

　　2. After hearing the passage, do you feel more or less nervous than you did before? More or less tired? More or less worried about your problems?

　　3. How do you usually behave when you"re worried or nervous about something?

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解2

　　Louis E. Kopolow, M.D.

　　You need stress in your life! Does that surprise you? Perhaps so, but it is quite true. Without stress, life would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. Too much stress, however, can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. A major challenge in the stress-filled world of today is to learn how to cope with stress so that it doesn"t become overwhelming.

　　What kinds of things can cause too much stress in our lives? We often think of major crises such as natural disasters, war, and death as main sources of stress. These are, of course, stressful events. However, according to psychologist Wayne Weiten, on a day-to-day basis, it"s the small things that cause stress: waiting in line, having car trouble, getting stuck in a traffic jam, having too many things to do in a limited time.

　　Interestingly, stress is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you"re an executive who likes to keep busy all the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may feel extremely frustrating, non-productive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing".

　　Hans Selye, M.D., a recognized expert in the field, has defined stress as a "non-specific response of the body to a demand." For the busy executive, the demand that causes stress might be to relax. For most of us, it"s a demand to act that causes stress. If we feel overwhelmed by pressure to do too much, we may not be able to function at all. In this case, the stress that can be good for us becomes distress, or bad stress. When stress becomes prolonged or particularly frustrating, it can become harmful, causing physical illness.

　　Reacting To Stress

　　The body responds to stressful events by going through three stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance and (3) exhaustion. Let"s take the example of a ty//.oh100.com/picmuter in rush-hour traffic. If a car suddenly pulls out in front of him, his initial alarm reaction may include fear of an accident, anger at the driver who committed the action, and general frustration. His body may respond in the alarm stage by releasing chemicals into the bloodstream which cause his face to flush, perspiration to form, his stomach to have a sinking feeling, and his arms and legs to tighten. The next stage is resistance, in which the body repairs damage caused by the stress. If the stress of driving continues with repeated close calls or traffic jams, however, his body doesn"t have time to make repairs. He may become so conditioned to expect potential problems when he drives that he tightens up at the beginning of each commuting day. The third stage, exhaustion, occurs if the stress continues over a long period of time, and the body depletes its resources for fighting stress. The result may be illness: insomnia, headaches, backaches, ulcers, high blood pressure — even heart disease.

　　While you can"t live completely free of stress and distress, you can prevent some distress as well as minimize its impact. By recognizing the early signs of distress and then doing something about them, you can improve the quality of your life and perhaps even live longer.

　　Helping Yourself

　　When stress does occur, it"s important to recognize and deal with it. Here are some suggestions for handling stress. As you begin to understand more about how stress affects you as an individual, you"ll come up with your own ways to ease the tension.

　　Try physical activity. When you"re nervous, angry or upset, release the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve the tension, relax you and turn the frowns into smiles. Remember, your body and your mind work together.

　　Share your stress. It helps to talk to someone about your concerns and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or counselor can help you see your problem in a different light. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker or mental health counselor. Knowing when to ask for help may help you avoid more serious problems later.

　　Know your limits. If a problem is beyond your control and can"t be changed at the moment, don"t fight the situation. Learn to accept what is — for now — until a time when you can change it.

　　Take care of yourself. You"re special. Get enough rest and eat well. If you"re irritable and tense from lack of sleep or if you aren"t eating correctly, you"ll have less ability to deal with stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should ask your doctor for help.

　　Make time for fun. Schedule time for both work and recreation. Play can be just as important to your well-being as work; you need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun.

　　Be a participant. One way to keep from getting bored, sad, and lonely is to go somewhere where things are happening. Sitting alone can make you feel frustrated. Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, get involved and become a participant. Offer your services in volunteer organizations. Help yourself by helping other people. Get involved in the world and the people around you, and you"ll find they"ll be attracted to you. You"ll be on your way to making new friends and enjoying new activities.

　　Check off your tasks. Trying to take care of everything at once can seem overwhelming, and, as a result, you may not accomplish anything. Instead, make a list of what tasks you have to do, then do one at a time, check them off as they"re completed. Give priority to the most important ones and do those first.

　　Must you always be right? Do other people upset you — particularly when they don"t do things your way? Try cooperation instead of confrontation; it"s better than fighting and always being "right." A little give and take on both sides will reduce the strain and make you both feel more comfortable.

　　It"s OK to cry. A good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety, and it might even prevent a headache or other physical consequences. Take some deep breaths; they also release tension.

　　Create a quiet scene. You can"t always run away, but you can "dream the impossible dream." A quiet country scene painted mentally (or on canvas!) can let you escape from a stressful situation. Change the scene by reading a good book or playing beautiful music to create a sense of peace.

　　Avoid self-medication. Although you can use prescription or over-the-counter medications to relieve stress temporarily, they don"t eliminate the conditions that caused the stress in the first place. Medications, in fact, may be habit-forming and can also reduce your efficiency, thus creating more stress than they take away. They should be taken only on the advice of your doctor.

　　The Art of Relaxation

　　The best strategy for avoiding stress is to learn how to relax. Unfortunately many people try to relax at the same pace that they lead the rest of their lives. For a while, tune out your worries about time, productivity, and "doing right". You"ll find satisfaction in just being, without striving. Find activities that give you pleasure and that are good for your mental and physical well-being. Forget about always winning. Focus on relaxation, enjoyment, and health. Whatever method works for you, be good to yourself. If you don"t let stress get out of hand, you can actually make it work for you instead of against you.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解3

　　stress

　　n. force or pressure caused by difficulties in life 压力;紧张

　　well-being

　　n. the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous 安康;安乐;幸福

　　* overwhelming

　　a. irresistible by force of numbers, influence, amount, etc. 压倒的，势不可挡的;无法抵抗的

　　stressful

　　a. 紧张的.;压力重的

　　distress

　　vt. subject to pressure, stress, or strain; make unhappy 使紧张;使苦恼;使痛苦

　　n. (精神上的)痛苦;苦恼

　　* prolong

　　vt. make longer; extend 延长;延伸

　　resistance

　　n. an act of resisting; desire to oppose sth. 抵抗;反抗;抵制;抗拒

　　resistant

　　a. having or showing resistance 抵抗的;反抗的

　　rush-hour

　　a. 交通高峰时间的

　　initial

　　a. occurring at the beginning; first or earliest 开头的;最初的

　　bloodstream

　　n. the blood as it flows through the body (体内的)血流

　　* flush

　　vi. turn red because of a rush of blood to the skin; blush (因皮肤充血而)变红;脸红

　　close call

　　n. a narrow escape from danger or an accident 侥幸脱险，死里逃生

　　condition

　　vt. accustom; train 使习惯;训练

　　deplete

　　vt. use up or exhaust 用光;耗尽

　　insomnia

　　n. i*lity to sleep; sleeplessness 失眠症;失眠

　　relieve

　　vt. ease or reduce (pain, anxiety or trouble) 解除或减轻(痛苦等)

　　social worker

　　n. a person who does work directed toward the betterment of social conditions in a community 社会福利工作者

　　irritable

　　a. easily made angry; impatient 易怒的;急躁的

　　* irritate

　　vt. make impatient or angry 使急躁;激怒

　　tense

　　a. nervous, anxious and unable to relax (心理或神经)紧张的，不安的

　　repeatedly

　　ad. again and again 一再，再三;反复地

　　volunteer

　　n. a person who enters any service of his own choice; a person who serves without pay 志愿者

　　a. of or made up of volunteers 志愿(者)的

　　confrontation

　　n. an open or direct clash; angry opposition 冲突;对抗

　　give and take

　　n. willingness to be mutually tolerant and forgiving within a relationship 互谅互让

　　anxiety

　　n. uneasy thoughts or fears about what may happen; troubled, worried, or uneasy feeling 焦虑;忧虑

　　self-medication

　　n. the act of taking medicines without the advice of a doctor 自我药疗

　　over-the-counter

　　a. (of medicine) that can be sold and bought without a doctor"s prescription (药)无医生处方也可合法出售的

　　habit-forming

　　a. (esp. of medicine, a drug, etc.) that can become impossible to stop taking because one"s body begins to need it (尤指药物、吸毒等)易使人上瘾的

　　efficiency

　　n. the ability to do things without waste of time or energy 效率

　　relaxation

　　n. 1. 松驰，放松

　　2. 休息;消遣;娱乐

　　* relax

　　v. 1. make or become less active or worried 放松，(使)轻松

　　2. make (effort or control) less severe 使…松懈;放宽

　　* strive

　　vi. try hard; make efforts 努力;奋斗

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解4

　　take it easy

　　refrain from hard work; relax 不过于劳累;放松

　　go through

　　undergo; experience 经历;经受

　　pull out

　　(of a vehicle) move out from the side of the road, or from its normal position to overtake (车辆)为超车而驶离路边或正常位置

　　tighten up

　　become tight or tighter 绷紧

　　for now

　　for this time; until a later time 目前;暂时

　　make time

　　find or gain time 腾出时间;争取时间

　　have fun

　　enjoy oneself 玩得开心

　　check off

　　mark, especially on a list, as finished or requiring no further attention 核对后打勾;勾销

　　in the first place

　　at the beginning of the discussion of a matter; to start with 最初;原先

　　on sb."s advice/on the advice of sb.

　　according to the advice given by sb. 按照某人的劝告

　　tune out

　　ignore; stop paying attention to 不理会

　　(get) out of hand

　　(get) out of control 失去控制

21世纪大学英语读写教程Unit560篇（扩展8）

——21世纪大学英语第四册Unit6课文详析读写教程 (菁选3篇)

21世纪大学英语第四册Unit6课文详析读写教程1

　　Nancy Gibbs

　　It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a marshmallow. The researcher invites the children, one by one, into a plain room and begins the gentle torment. You can have this marshmallow right now, he says. But if you wait while I run an errand, you can have two marshmallows when I get back. And then he leaves.

　　Some children grab for the treat the minute he"s out the door. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait. They cover their eyes; they put their heads down; they sing to themselves; they try to play games or even fall asleep. When the researcher returns, he gives these children their hard-earned marshmallows. And then, science waits for them to grow up.

　　By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey of the children"s parents and teachers found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out for the second marshmallow generally grew up to be better adjusted, more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable teenagers. The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and stubborn. They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges. And when some of the students in the two groups took the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the kids who had held out longer scored an average of 210 points higher.

　　When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, deep-eyed, woolly haired, a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks. High achievers, we imagine, were wired for greatness from birth. But then you have to wonder why, over time, natural talent seems to ignite in some people and dim in others. This is where the marshmallows come in. It seems that the ability to delay gratification is a master skill, a triumph of the reasoning brain over the impulsive one. It is a sign, in short, of emotional intelligence. And it doesn"t show up on an IQ test.

　　For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets. But cognitive theory could sim* not explain the questions we wonder about most: why some people just seem to have a gift for living well; why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others; why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resilient soul. What qualities of the mind or spirit, in short, determine who succeeds?

　　The phrase "emotional intelligence" was coined by Yale psychologist Peter Salovey and the University of New Hampshire"s John Mayer five years ago to describe qualities like understanding one"s own feelings, empathy for the feelings of others and "the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living." Their notion is about to bound into the national conversation, handily shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. Goleman, a Harvard psychology Ph.D. and a New York Times science writer with a gift for making even the most difficult scientific theories digestible to lay readers, has brought together a decade"s worth of behavioral research into how the mind processes feelings. His goal, he announces on the cover, is to redefine what it means to be smart. His thesis: when it comes to predicting people"s success, brainpower as measured by IQ and standardized achievement tests may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as "character" before the word began to sound old-fashioned.

　　At first glance, there would seem to be little that"s new here to any close reader of fortune cookies. There may be no less original idea than the notion that our hearts hold dominion over our heads. "I was so angry," we say, "I couldn"t think straight." Neither is it surprising that "people skills" are useful, which amounts to saying, it"s good to be nice. "It"s so true it"s trivial," says Dr. Paul McHugh, director of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. But if it were that simple, the book would not be quite so interesting or its implications so controversial.

　　This is no abstract investigation. Goleman is looking for antidotes to restore "civility to our streets and caring to our communal life." He sees practical applications everywhere for how companies should decide whom to hire, how couples can increase the odds that their marriages will last, how parents should raise their children and how schools should teach them. When street gangs substitute for families and schoolyard insults end in stabbings, when more than half of marriages end in divorce, when the majority of the children murdered in this country are killed by parents and stepparents, many of whom say they were trying to discipline the child for behavior like blocking the TV or crying too much, it suggests a demand for remedial emotional education.

　　And it is here the arguments will break out. Goleman"s highly popularized conclusions, says McHugh, "will chill any veteran scholar of psychotherapy and any neuroscientist who worries about how his research may come to be applied." While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. Goleman admits the danger of suggesting that you can assign a numerical value to a person"s character as well as his intellect; Goleman never even uses the phrase EQ in his book. But he did somewhat reluctantly approve an "unscientific" EQ test in USA Today with choices like "I am aware of even subtle feelings as I have them," and "I can sense the pulse of a group or relationship and state unspoken feelings."

　　"You don"t want to take an average of your emotional skill," argues Harvard psychology professor Jerome Kagan, a pioneer in child-development research. "That"s what"s wrong with the concept of intelligence for mental skills too. Some people handle anger well but can"t handle fear. Some people can"t take joy. So each emotion has to be viewed differently." EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot of both, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other; how one"s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.

21世纪大学英语第四册Unit6课文详析读写教程2

　　EQ

　　(abbr.)emotional quotient 情商

　　interact

　　vi. (with) act or have an effect on each other 相互作用;相互影响

　　marshmallow

　　n. soft sweet made from sugar and gelatine 果汁软糖

　　torment

　　n. severe physical or mental suffering (肉体或精神上的)折磨，痛苦

　　vt. cause severe suffering to 折磨;使痛苦

　　errand

　　n. small job that requires a short journey, usu. for sb. else (短程的)差事，差使

　　hard-earned

　　a. gained with great difficulty or effort 辛苦挣来的

　　survey

　　n. investigation 调查

　　adventurous

　　a. eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒险的，喜欢冒险的

　　dependable

　　a. that may be depended on 可信赖的，可靠的

　　scholastic

　　a. of schools and education 学校的;教育的;学业的

　　aptitude

　　n. natural ability or skill 天生的才能或技巧;天资

　　brilliance

　　n. the quality of being brilliant 光辉，辉煌;壮丽;(卓越的)才华，才智

　　woolly

　　a. 羊毛(制)的;产羊毛的;像羊毛的

　　mismatch

　　vt. match (people or things) wrongly or unsuitably 使错配，配合不当

　　sock

　　n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜

　　ignite

　　v. (cause to) catch fire, burn (使)着火，燃烧;发光

　　dim

　　v. (cause to) become dim (使)变暗淡;(使)变模糊;(使)失去光泽

　　impulsive

　　a. (of people and their behavior) marked by sudden action that is undertaken without careful thought (指人或人的行为)凭冲动的;易冲动的

　　messy

　　a. in a state of disorder; dirty: causing dirt or disorder 凌乱的;脏的;搞乱的;搞脏的

　　upbeat

　　a. optimistic or cheerful 乐观的;快乐的

　　resilient

　　a. 1. 有弹性的，有回弹力的;能复原的

　　2. 有复原力的;富有活力的;适应性强的

　　empathy

　　n. ability to imagine and share another person"s feelings, experience, etc. 同情;同感;共鸣

　　handily

　　ad. 灵巧地，熟练地;轻易地;近便地

　　digestible

　　a. that can be digested; relatively easy to understand 可消化的;可吸收的.;较易理解的

　　behavioral

　　a. of behavior 行为的

　　thesis

　　n. 1. statement or theory put forward and supported by argument 论题，命题;论点

　　2. long written essay submitted by a candidate for a university degree; dissertation 毕业论文;学位论文

　　standardize

　　vt. make(sth.)conform to a fixed standard, shape, quality, type, etc. 使(某事物)标准化;使合乎标准(或规格)

　　fortune

　　n. 1. large amount of money; wealth 大笔的钱;财

　　2. chance; luck 机会;运气

　　3. person"s destiny or future; fate 命运;前途

　　cookie

　　n. biscuit 饼干

　　fortune cookie

　　(U.S.)thin biscuit, folded to hold a printed message (e.g.a proverb, prophecy or joke) served in Chinese restaurants (美)签语饼(中国餐馆的折叠形小饼，内有纸条，上写预测运气的格言或幽默套语)

　　dominion

　　n. (over) rule; powerful authority; effective control 统治;管辖;支配;控制

　　straight

　　ad. clearly, logically 清晰地;有条理地

　　controversial

　　a. causing or likely to cause argument or disagreement 引起争论的;有争议的

　　abstract

　　a. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的

　　antidote

　　n. 解毒药;(喻)矫正方法，对抗手段

　　civility

　　n. fact or act of showing politeness; act of being civilized 礼貌，客气，谦恭

　　communal

　　a. 1. of or referring to a commune or a community 公共的;社区的，集体的

　　2. for the use of all; shared 公用的;共有的

　　odds

　　n. (pl.) probability or chance 可能性;机会

　　schoolyard

　　n. 校园;操场

　　stab

　　vt. pierce(sth.) or wound (sb.) with a pointed tool or weapon; push (a knife, etc.) into sb./sth. 戳(某物);刺(某人);用(刀等)刺(或戳、捅)某人(或某物)

　　stabbing

　　n. instance of stabbing or being stabbed 用利器伤人

　　stepparent

　　n. 继父，后父;继母，后母

　　remedy

　　n. 药品;治疗(法);补救办法;纠正办法

　　vt. 医治;治疗;补救;纠正

　　remedial

　　a. 补救的;纠正的;补习的

　　popularize

　　vt. 1. make (sth.) generally liked 使(某事物)被大家喜欢，使受大家欢迎

　　2. make (sth.) known or available to the general public, esp. by presenting it in an easily understandable form 使(某事物)众所周知;使普及

　　chill

　　vt. 1. make cold 使变冷;使冷却;使感到冷

　　2. discourage 使沮丧;使扫兴

　　n. 寒冷;风寒;冷淡;沮丧;扫兴

　　scholar

　　n. person who studies an academic subject dee* 学者

　　psychotherapy

　　n. treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods 精神疗法;心理疗法

　　neuroscientist

　　n. 神经系统科学家

　　handy

　　a. (of an object, tool, machine, etc.) easy to use; useful for some purpose 便于使用的;有用的

　　numerical

　　a. of, expressed in or representing numbers 数字的;用数字表示的;代表数字的

　　approve

　　vt. 1. have a positive opinion of 赞成;称许

　　2. accept, permit or officially agree to 批准;允许;对…表示认可

　　neural

　　a. the nerves 神经的

　　pathway

　　n. way or track made for or by people walking 小路，小径(= path)

21世纪大学英语第四册Unit6课文详析读写教程3

　　one by one

　　separately; individually in order 一个一个地;依次地

　　right now

　　immediately; at this moment 立即;此刻

　　run an errand

　　carry messages or perform similar minor tasks 跑腿，办事(如送信、买东西等)

　　hold out

　　refuse to give in 坚持;坚定不移;不屈服

　　early on

　　soon after the start of a past event 在初期;早先

　　shy away from

　　avoid or move away from out of shyness, fear, etc. (由于羞怯或恐惧等)躲开，避开;回避

　　over time

　　as time goes by 随着时间过去

　　come in

　　have a part to play in sth. 在某事中起作用

　　show up

　　1. become visible; become increasingly vivid or obvious 显现出来;变得更鲜明;变得更醒目

　　2. appear; arrive; be present; turn up 出现;来到;出席;露面

　　at/on sight

　　as soon as sb./sth. is seen 一见就

　　in the face of

　　1. in spite of 不顾

　　2. confronted by 面对;在…面前

　　when it comes to

　　1. when the subject is; on the subject of 谈到;涉及

　　2. when dealing with 在处理…时

　　amount to

　　1. add up to; reach the total of 合计;共计

　　2. be equal to; be the equivalent of 等于;相当于

　　substitute for

　　serve as a substitute for, replace 代替

　　end in

　　have as a result or conclusion 以…为结果;以…告终

　　break out

　　start suddenly 突然发生;爆发

　　put...to use

　　use...for a particular purpose 使用

　　count for

　　be worth 值;(在数量、比例方面)占

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